bussiness galaxy

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Today we are living in a technological age according to market research the number of small business is in the way of new era .Today small business tradition is being very powerful because of the today’s competition market. There are enormous way to develop business.
There are some ways to commence small business :-
Hardware services
Craft works
Making some cloth works etc.
Today the wide use of computer usage there is so much facilities and the scope in the internet and computer works. Because there are a number of persons who have at least one computer in home. In teenagers and the old[peoples are generally usi8ng computers.Tthis way the hardware services of computer is of great importance in the small business. so, these type of techniques is very popular in the business and industry.
Through these types of the services we can explore your knowledge and learns many things in this field. it is a field through all experts will grow in the market and earns so much money . it is a very useful option that we can do the business without any fixed and working capital without investing cash we can earn maximum and learned many things from the market. Through small business we can explore our potentialities into the market.Today we are living in a technological age according to market research the number of small business is in the way of new era .Today small business tradition is being very powerful because of the today’s competition market. There are enormous way to develop business.
There are some ways to commence small business :-
Hardware services
Craft works
Making some cloth works etc.
Today the wide use of computer usage there is so much facilities and the scope in the internet and computer works. Because there are a number of persons who have at least one computer in home. In teenagers and the old[peoples are generally usi8ng computers.Tthis way the hardware services of computer is of great importance in the small business. so, these type of techniques is very popular in the business and industry.
Through these types of the services we can explore your knowledge and learns many things in this field. it is a field through all experts will grow in the market and earns so much money . it is a very useful option that we can do the business without any fixed and working capital without investing cash we can earn maximum and learned many things from the market. Through small business we can explore our potentialities into the market..
Today the wide use of computer usage there is so much facilities and the scope in the internet and computer works. Because there are a number of persons who have at least one computer in home. In teenagers and the old[peoples are generally usi8ng computers.Tthis way the hardware services of computer is of great importance in the small business. so, these type of techniques is very popular in the business and industry.
Through these types of the services we can explore your knowledge and learns many things in this field. it is a field through all experts will grow in the market and earns so much money . it is a very useful option that we can do the business without any fixed and working capital without investing cash we can earn maximum and learned many things from the market. Through small business we can explore our potentialities into the market.

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By Susan Seliger

1. Ask your employees for green ideas first.
You don’t need to hire a Director of Sustainability. Ask the people who always have the best ideas – your team. After all, if they have to implement these plans, it’s smart to get their buy-in from the start. Offering bonuses for eco-ideas that save the company money wouldn’t hurt.
2. Buy everybody a mug.
Warning to CEOs: Do not put your mug on their mug, as one CEO we know thought of doing. It’s funny for the first 2 seconds –and then it’s just creepy (and a little Orwellian). Your logo is OK. Giving each employee the gift of a ceramic, reusable mug engenders good will – and it will save you a fortune on those nasty Styrofoam cups. The average office worker uses up to 500 disposable coffee cups per year – and Styrofoam takes about one million years to fully decompose. Give the extra mugs to clients and visitors to use and then take home. Not a bad way to reinforce your identity as a company that cares.
3. Buy green coffee – and green cleaning products — while you’re at it.
Coffee with the Rainforest Alliance Certified seal of approval has been produced by companies committed to sustainable practices and treating their workers decently. Stock the kitchen and bathrooms with natural, organic hand soap, detergents and dish soaps that are kind to employees’ busy hands — and the environment.
4. Replace the office refrigerator, microwave – and all your equipment – with energy-efficient models.
Newer Energy Star-Rated appliances use up to 40% less energy than older versions. Look for star ratings on fax machines, copiers, printers and everything you use.
5. Recycle Paper – this is a big one – and easy, too.
Do we really have to remind you about this one? About 40% of the garbage in our landfills is paper that could have been recycled. * Buy recycled paper – along with biodegradable paper plates and napkins. * Encourage copying on both sides. * Have bins for recycling paper in convenient locations – like next to the coffee machine – to give added incentive to toss paper in the right spot.
6. Apply the 3 R’s to electronics and office equipment, too
The eco-mantra, reduce, reuse, recycle, doesn’t stop at paper. You can refill ink cartridges. Recycle electronics safely – Staples and Office Depot are getting into the recycling act. When in doubt, go to Earth911 to see where to recycle – or donate – in your area. You may even qualify for a tax credit for donations to local schools or non-profits. Other recycling resources: Top 10 Recycling Resources ; Electronics Recycling; Who Makes The Greenest Electronics?.
7. Replace bottled water with a water filter
Bottled water costs too-to-three times as much as gasoline. Americans spend more than $8 billion a year on bottled water – and generate over 1.5 million tons of plastic that will not break down in landfills for tens of thousands of years. A water filter costs pennies per gallon. You do the math.
8. Save on travel costs – telecommuting, teleconferencing, hybrid vehicles
Consider allowing some employees to telecommute from home one or two days a month and teleconference their meetings – the energy savings, time savings and good will can be immense. If you need a new company car, consider a hybrid — you may even qualify for a tax credit up to $3,400. (Check The IRS Rulings on Hybrids .)
9. Consider laptops – instead of desktops – for staff.
A laptop’s LCD screen uses 1/3 the energy of a typical Cathode Ray Tube. And employees can take laptops with them – at night or when they travel — to get more done. Win-win.
10. Change your lights to CFLs — Are you seeing the light?
If every American installed 5 CFL bulbs, we’d save close to $8 billion each year in energy costs — and prevent greenhouse gases equivalent to the emissions from 10 million cars, according to the EPA’s Energy Star site.
What are you waiting for? There’s gold in going green.

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So says David Lamont, associate teaching professor of business strategy, who aims to help Tepper School of Business students become those visionaries. Lamont is director of Management Game, a computer-based business strategy simulation used to prepare MBA students for success in today's international business environment.One of the biggest challenges faced by students in any discipline is learning how to translate the concepts covered in the classroom to real-world situations. Carnegie Mellon was founded with that principle in mind, and it continues to guide our academic pursuits. That commitment has established Tepper as one of the world's best business schools—in 2007, the MBA program was ranked #3 in the U.S. by The Wall Street Journal. The distinction is due in no small part to Management Game, the first such program offered at a business school; today it is widely copied.
The Objective
The purpose of the game is to mimic the real-world experience of negotiation, as well as team and financial management across regional, national, cultural, and social borders. It acts as an integration mechanism across the MBA program by bridging the segmented knowledge of all courses to make students better at solving cross-functional, dynamic, and unstructured problems.The final element is the most crucial when entering the business world—problems are rarely unilateral and solutions rely on a combination of expertise and intuition. One of the underlying goals of the course, then, is to teach students to become less concerned with short-term objectives and to try to see the bigger picture. It's those students who become the visionaries Lamont hopes to create.
The Rules of Play
To play the game, 80 teams are divided into "worlds" of five teams each that compete against each other in six international markets—Japan, China, Mexico, United Kingdom, Germany, and the United States. The teams are comprised of Carnegie Mellon students and other students at top universities. The non-Carnegie Mellon students are selected from places that are as different as possible from the American management style—Japan, China, Russia, Ukraine, and Chile—to best represent a real-world experience.To begin, students vote for presidential nominees, who then draft team members according to their perceived strengths. The players are elected to senior management positions within the company and asked to determine an operating strategy; each player is expected to take ownership of some aspect of the business—such as research and development or marketing—and to coordinate his or her activities with the other team members. The team's structure is meant to teach student how to negotiate roles and responsibilities, organize communication, and integrate talent.Each year, the companies manufacture and sell wristwatches. Several determining factors make watches a logical choice: everyone is familiar with the product, almost no students have had experience in the industry, and there is no dominant or obvious market strategy. The commodity is basically a blank slate in terms of marketing and manufacturing—and because no one has worked for a watch manufacturer, there are no biases being brought to the table.Teams are allocated two factories in different countries and must choose to make either one or two products—Product 1 is price-sensitive, Product 2 is premium. Teams may choose to make only one product if they wish but are restricted to one product per factory. Although manufacturing occurs in two places, the products are marketed in six international locales, which mirror their real-world counterparts in terms of market demand, cost structure, growth rates, and other macroeconomic parameters. Based on five years of historical, economic, and environmental data, the teams form strategic judgments on how to best conduct business. Critical decisions are made on everything from production capacity and location to marketing dollars spent to cash flow operations.
The Board (of Directors)As with any business environment, there's a boss. In Management Game, that boss is a group of external professionals who serve as a board of directors to each team and with whom the students meet three times during the semester to present strategies and supportive arguments. With the goal of increasing shareholder value, the students determine long-term company objectives and conduct market analysis.Because the exercise is ultimately meant to be a learning process, the board is instructed to offer guidance while maintaining control over substantial tactical decisions, but also to let teams make their own mistakes. The amount of exercised control is subjective and is based on company performance—those who perform well are generally given more leeway in making upper-level decisions.
According to Colleen Frank, an independent consultant who has served as board chair five times, "It's extremely rewarding to see teams improve as a result of our feedback." Ultimately, though, she believes that the greatest benefit for students is the opportunity for them to present and defend their own work and prove their strategy, which combines and tests their analytic expertise with executive requirements.
The board members are largely alumni and their colleagues; they are real people who were former students but who now hold professional positions—the types of positions that the players will be applying for after graduation. The five-member board represents a cross-section of the communities where each team is located and its members are rarely from the same company. Mostly, they are mid-level managers who donate their personal time and constructive criticism.
Serving as a board member is rewarding for the volunteers, many of whom choose to participate year after year. Aside from a break in their daily routines and being in contact with current students, the directors gain valuable insight into the thought processes of their supervisors. Assuming an executive role gives them a clearer owner-perspective, something that they can translate to their own presentations.
In addition to three board meetings, the teams present marketing plans to marketing executives, buy and sell shares of their simulated company in a real-time stock market, and negotiate a labor agreement with actual union representatives. Although each task represents a procedure the players will likely encounter after graduation, none is more important than the board meetings.
The Strategy"It's a bit like trying to drink from a fire hose while standing in a time and energy vortex," says Lamont of the fast-paced workload, which is perhaps the toughest obstacle for students and tests their time and energy management skills.The applied-strategy game spans twelve periods representing a cycle of up to three years. In actual time, the course runs for eight weeks, meaning that one year passes in 8-10 class calendar days.Complicating time management is the ambiguous structure of the course. Although players are given background information on the company and the simulated market, there's no clear path to follow—decisions must be made quickly and independently. Whereas board members offer invaluable advice for high-level strategic decisions, they are instructed to take a hands-off approach when it comes to day-to-day operations.Lamont contends that students frequently complain about the workload, but is quick to add that those who do also frequently return to campus to thank him. Of all required courses, he recounts, they feel Management Game was the most accurate representation of what to expect in a job. Lamont facetiously adds that he doesn't mind their short-term pain for long-term gain.
The Winner
Results of the game are determined by information input into a computer program that tracks a multitude of variables such as pricing, shipping, marketing, operations, and finance. The goal is simple: to increase shareholder value. Companies whose stock prices soar win the game. Ultimately students are scored on how well their company performs against competitors in their worlds, their internal group dynamic, and the evaluations of the board.An integral assessment of team execution is the simulated stock market, an independent and valid means of tracking company performance. Starting with a $1 million endowment, players invest in teams from other worlds (to eschew conflicts of interest) according to their past and projected performance. Because the stock's bid price and asking price will fluctuate according to performance, the bid/ask model ensures that prices correlate to value in the long run.
Management Game: Past and Future
Instituted in 1958, Management Game started as an executive training tool sponsored by Proctor & Gamble as a way to teach managers how to sell powdered soap. That model was used until 1986 when it was updated to meet the criteria required of global managers. The redesigned game cut down 300 tactical decisions to about 85 strategic decisions to better reflect the global marketplace and to better prepare students to become effective problem solvers, not just managers who were good at completing a single task.Future plans for the game include distributed teams—teams with members in different geographical locations—to further mimic global business culture. For example, students in Pittsburgh could be partnered with students in Connecticut, California, or even Russia. Also in the works are plans to involve Carnegie Mellon's Qatar campus. Management Game will be the first course to integrate students in Qatar and Pittsburgh in the same class and will extend the university's mission to transcend traditional academic barriers.For companies who have a problem in a single area, as did Proctor & Gamble, Tepper School can help. Through their executive education program, the school will custom design a week-long course to train managers in a specific skill set. Additionally, the school offers flextime MBA programs, part-time or distance learning, that allow professionals to maintain their gainful employment while fulfilling the degree requirements.Management Game's distributed, asynchronous course-style is an effective use of technology in education, especially communication technology—a Carnegie Mellon strong suit. Students learn how to negotiate across time zones and lectures are available via webcast, but it’s the simulation's focus on human interaction that creates a framework of opportunities for people to learn from other people.Beyond its educational value, the course makes an excellent laboratory because of the large number of students who participate each year, effectually creating a data pool sufficient for studying the decision-making process in small group interaction.
--Douglas Phillips

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